Ember Bear is a Russian state-sponsored cyber espionage group that has been active since at least 2020, linked to Russia's General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) 161st Specialist Training Center (Unit 29155).1 Ember Bear has primarily focused operations against Ukrainian government and telecommunication entities, but has also operated against critical infrastructure entities in Europe and the Americas.2 Ember Bear conducted the WhisperGate destructive wiper attacks against Ukraine in early 2022.345 There is some confusion as to whether Ember Bear overlaps with another Russian-linked entity referred to as Saint Bear. At present available evidence strongly suggests these are distinct activities with different behavioral profiles.67
- CISA GRU29155 2024
- Cadet Blizzard emerges as novel threat actor
- CrowdStrike Ember Bear Profile March 2022
- Mandiant UNC2589 March 2022
- CISA GRU29155 2024
- Cadet Blizzard emerges as novel threat actor
- Palo Alto Unit 42 OutSteel SaintBot February 2022
Claims and citations
Every claim comes from a writer; provenance is the writer's assertion, not a review verdict from this directory. Validity reads by citation year.
| predicate | object | Valid | Conf. | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uses_technique | tech_t1018 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1003 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1090.003 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1114 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1583 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1560 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1036 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1595.002 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1583.003 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1654 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1190 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1133 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1119 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1571 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1070.004 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1570 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1095 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1125 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1572 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1110 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1588.001 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1110.003 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1595.001 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1505.003 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1585 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1491.002 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1053.005 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1210 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1059.001 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1112 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1071.004 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1550.002 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1567.002 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1588.005 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1195 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1005 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1561.002 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1203 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1036.005 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1552.001 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1003.001 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1047 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1021 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1003.004 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1003.002 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1078.001 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
| uses_technique | tech_t1046 | 2022 → … | 100 | src_mitre_attck_enterprise |
Technique use
| ATT&CK | Technique | platforms |
|---|---|---|
| T1003 | OS Credential Dumping | — |
| T1003.001 | LSASS Memory | — |
| T1003.002 | Security Account Manager | — |
| T1003.004 | LSA Secrets | — |
| T1005 | Data from Local System | — |
| T1018 | Remote System Discovery | — |
| T1021 | Remote Services | — |
| T1036 | Masquerading | — |
| T1036.005 | Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location | — |
| T1046 | Network Service Discovery | — |
| T1047 | Windows Management Instrumentation | — |
| T1053.005 | Scheduled Task | — |
| T1059.001 | PowerShell | — |
| T1070.004 | File Deletion | — |
| T1071.004 | DNS | — |
| T1078.001 | Default Accounts | — |
| T1090.003 | Multi-hop Proxy | — |
| T1095 | Non-Application Layer Protocol | — |
| T1110 | Brute Force | — |
| T1110.003 | Password Spraying | — |
| T1112 | Modify Registry | — |
| T1114 | Email Collection | — |
| T1119 | Automated Collection | — |
| T1125 | Video Capture | — |
| T1133 | External Remote Services | — |
| T1190 | Exploit Public-Facing Application | — |
| T1195 | Supply Chain Compromise | — |
| T1203 | Exploitation for Client Execution | — |
| T1210 | Exploitation of Remote Services | — |
| T1491.002 | External Defacement | — |
| T1505.003 | Web Shell | — |
| T1550.002 | Pass the Hash | — |
| T1552.001 | Credentials In Files | — |
| T1560 | Archive Collected Data | — |
| T1561.002 | Disk Structure Wipe | — |
| T1567.002 | Exfiltration to Cloud Storage | — |
| T1570 | Lateral Tool Transfer | — |
| T1571 | Non-Standard Port | — |
| T1572 | Protocol Tunneling | — |
| T1583 | Acquire Infrastructure | — |
| T1583.003 | Virtual Private Server | — |
| T1585 | Establish Accounts | — |
| T1588.001 | Malware | — |
| T1588.005 | Exploits | — |
| T1595.001 | Scanning IP Blocks | — |
| T1595.002 | Vulnerability Scanning | — |
| T1654 | Log Enumeration | — |
Aliases
Bleeding Bear · Cadet Blizzard · DEV-0586 · Ember Bear · Frozenvista · UAC-0056 · UNC2589
Reading and review
Records are auto-ingested and not human-reviewed. Confidence is the writer's 0–100 value; bands split at ≥80 / 50–79 / <50 into high / medium / low. The four trust axes (synthetic, lifecycle, band, source count) stay separate and never merge into one score.