Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with web traffic to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. Protocols such as HTTP/S1 and WebSocket2 that carry web traffic may be very common in environments. HTTP/S packets have many fields and headers in which data can be concealed. An adversary may abuse these protocols to communicate with systems under their control within a victim network while also mimicking normal, expected traffic.
- CrowdStrike Putter Panda
- Brazking-Websockets
Groups using this technique
| Group | Name | Country |
|---|---|---|
| grp_g1042 | RedEcho | — |
| grp_g0100 | Inception | — |
| grp_g0071 | Orangeworm | — |
| grp_g1034 | Daggerfly | — |
| grp_g1013 | Metador | — |
| grp_g0026 | APT18 | — |
| grp_g0083 | SilverTerrier | — |
| grp_g0085 | FIN4 | — |
| grp_g0090 | WIRTE | — |
| grp_g1014 | LuminousMoth | China |
| grp_g0075 | Rancor | — |
| grp_g0070 | Dark Caracal | — |
| grp_g1043 | BlackByte | — |
| grp_g0038 | Stealth Falcon | — |
| grp_g0127 | TA551 | — |
| grp_g1035 | Winter Vivern | — |
| grp_g0129 | Mustang Panda | China |
| grp_g1041 | Sea Turtle | — |
| grp_g0032 | Lazarus Group | DPRK |
| grp_g1045 | Salt Typhoon | — |
| grp_g0064 | APT33 | Iran |
| grp_g0142 | Confucius | — |
| grp_g0112 | Windshift | — |
| grp_g0004 | Ke3chang | — |
| grp_g1051 | Medusa Group | — |
| grp_g0080 | Cobalt Group | — |
| grp_g0114 | Chimera | China |
| grp_g0126 | Higaisa | — |
| grp_g1039 | RedCurl | Russia |
| grp_g0102 | Wizard Spider | Russia |
| grp_g1044 | APT42 | Iran |
| grp_g0049 | OilRig | Iran |
| grp_g1036 | Moonstone Sleet | DPRK |
| grp_g0069 | MuddyWater | — |
| grp_g1055 | VOID MANTICORE | — |
| grp_g0067 | APT37 | DPRK |
| grp_g0061 | FIN8 | — |
| grp_g0073 | APT19 | China |
| grp_g0082 | APT38 | DPRK |
| grp_g0081 | Tropic Trooper | — |
| grp_g0087 | APT39 | — |
| grp_g0010 | Turla | Russia |
| grp_g0047 | Gamaredon Group | Russia |
| grp_g0125 | HAFNIUM | — |
| grp_g0092 | TA505 | — |
| grp_g0094 | Kimsuky | DPRK |
| grp_g0059 | Magic Hound | Iran |
| grp_g1016 | FIN13 | — |
| grp_g0139 | TeamTNT | — |
| grp_g0060 | BRONZE BUTLER | — |
| grp_g0096 | APT41 | China |
| grp_g0106 | Rocke | — |
| grp_g0007 | APT28 | Russia |
| grp_g0121 | Sidewinder | India |
| grp_g0027 | Threat Group-3390 | China |
| grp_g0034 | Sandworm Team | Russia |
| grp_g0050 | APT32 | Vietnam |
| grp_g1002 | BITTER | Pakistan |
Claims
No public claim points at this technique yet.
Auto-ingested and not human-reviewed; confidence and validity read by citation.