Image File Execution Options Injection

Image File Execution Options (IFEO) enable a developer to attach a debugger to an application. When a process is created, a debugger present in an application’s IFEO will be prepended to the application’s name, effectively launching the new process under the debugger (e.g., “C:\dbg\ntsd.exe -g notepad.exe”). ¹ IFEOs can be set directly via the Registry or in Global Flags via the GFlags tool. ² IFEOs are represented as <code>Debugger</code> values in the Registry under <code>HKLM\SOFTWARE{\Wow6432Node}\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\<executable></code> where <code><executable></code> is the binary on which the debugger is attached. ³ IFEOs can also enable an arbitrary monitor program to be launched when a specified program silently exits (i.e. is prematurely terminated by itself or a second, non kernel-mode process). ^{4 5} Similar to debuggers, silent exit monitoring can be enabled through GFlags and/or by directly modifying IEFO and silent process exit Registry values in <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\</code>. ^{6 7} An example where the evil.exe process is started when notepad.exe exits: ⁸ * <code>reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\notepad.exe" /v GlobalFlag /t REG_DWORD /d 512</code> * <code>reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\notepad.exe" /v ReportingMode /t REG_DWORD /d 1</code> * <code>reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SilentProcessExit\notepad.exe" /v MonitorProcess /d "C:\temp\evil.exe"</code> Similar to Process Injection, these values may be abused to obtain persistence and privilege escalation by causing a malicious executable to be loaded and run in the context of separate processes on the computer. ⁹ Installing IFEO mechanisms may also provide Persistence via continuous invocation. Malware may also use IFEO for Defense Evasion by registering invalid debuggers that redirect and effectively disable various system and security applications. ^{10 11}

1. Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010
2. Microsoft GFlags Mar 2017
3. Microsoft Dev Blog IFEO Mar 2010
4. Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017
5. Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018
6. Microsoft Silent Process Exit NOV 2017
7. Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018
8. Oddvar Moe IFEO APR 2018
9. Elastic Process Injection July 2017
10. FSecure Hupigon
11. Symantec Ushedix June 2008

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